NuCypher (NU) is a Web3 project that functions as a decentralized encryption, access control, and key management system (KMS) for public blockchains. It aims to provide a security and privacy layer for decentralized applications (dApps) built on platforms like Ethereum. Founded in 2015 by MacLane Wilkison and Michael Egorov, NuCypher initially focused on secure data transactions with cloud providers before pivoting in 2017 to apply its technology to smart contracts. The platform officially launched in October 2020. In June 2020, control of the project transitioned to the NuCypher Decentralized Autonomous Organization (DAO), allowing users to govern the system. NuCypher's core technology relies on proxy re-encryption (PRE), which enables secure and efficient data sharing. This method allows users to grant and revoke access to their encrypted data without revealing the decryption key to unauthorized parties. This makes it more secure compared to traditional blockchain projects that use public-key encryption. The network also incorporates other cryptographic technologies such as threshold signatures (TSS) and distributed key generation (DKG). The platform offers two main services: secrets management, for storing sensitive data like passwords and private keys, and dynamic access control, for conditionally granting and revoking access to sensitive information. NuCypher provides cryptographic services by securely storing private data on public blockchains, using its encryption scheme called Umbral and a network of operating nodes known as Ursula. The native cryptocurrency, NU, plays a crucial role in the network's operation. It is used to incentivize nodes that perform encryption services for users. Users can stake NU tokens to operate a NuCypher Ursula node and participate in the NuCypher DAO, where they can vote on protocol upgrades, changes to fee rates, and adjustments to the DAO itself. The NU token is primarily for staking purposes to maintain and operate the network, and for participation in governance. NuCypher is designed to serve as a privacy layer for other blockchains, addressing the need for data protection and privacy in distributed applications. Potential use cases for NuCypher include sharing encrypted files, encrypted chats, patient-controlled electronic health records, decentralized digital rights management, and secure credential management in various industries such as healthcare and finance. In 2022, NuCypher underwent a merger with the Keep Network, resulting in the creation of the Threshold Network (T), though the two companies initially remained separate.
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